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公元711年北非來的回教勢力攻佔科多巴，開啟長達幾乎八世紀回教主宰和影響西班牙時代。拉曼三世(891-961AD)是科多巴統治者也是當時西班牙最有權威的國王及回教教主。他在位50年，最後說："我一生所享有純粹、真實的快樂日子：一共14天。"(請見拙作"只快樂十四天"聯合報
2014.8.4 http://blog.yam.com/CPLin/article/76642254)科多巴一度是歐洲數學、醫學等學術的中心。被稱為"光彩之城"。全歐洲派人來留學。在其全盛時代，基督教、回教、猶太教和平共處。回教國王重用賢德的猶太人為宰相。
Cordoba was the first Muslim capital in the Iberia Peninsula conquered by the Moors in 711AD. Once called the "shiny city,it was the center of science, math, and medicine in Europe, where students from all Europe came to study.King Abd Al-Rahman III, 891-961AD, was the most powerful ruler in Spain at the time who made himself the caliph, the highest religious authority in Spain as well. He is well known for saying at the end of his 50-yar rule that "I have diligently numbered the days of pure and genuine happiness which have fallen to my lot: They amount to 14."
During the heydays of Cordoba, it saw peaceful co-existence of the Muslims, the Catholics, and the Jews. The Moorish king even trusted a wise Jewsih as his prime minister.
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