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Stephen Bannon, Outspoken Critic of China, Has Subtler Message in Hong Kong Visit

Alexandra Stevenson September 12, 2017

https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/09/12/world/asia/steve-bannon-trump-hong-kong.html?smid=tw-share&_r=0&referer=android-app%3A%2F%2Fcom.google.android.gm

accessed September 13, 2017

 

Another example of Beijing's skillful foreign policy characterized by indirect approach with instruments other than force, be it verbal criticism or physical attack.

Chong-Pin Lin September 13, 2017

 

●這是北京技巧外交的另一實例。特點是"間接路線"。所用的工具不是語言的批評,更不是實體的攻擊,而是另類的方法,如金錢、媒體能見度、尊重。

林中斌 2017.9.13

 

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新書蔡習會中共統台手段中梵建交

accessed August 21, 2017

●2017年8月16日,中國時報及旺報記者光臨舍下與新書共同作者亓樂義先生及在下進行訪問。部分內容於次日見報。

●感謝記者們的用心及辛勞,整理文字後於16日傍晚電郵寄下文稿經在下過目後微調。

●「蔡習會」可能的探討若標示為「有譜」言過其實。

●「中共統台手段」分上下四層探討。此觀念曾於2017年3月10日初次發表於聯合報名人堂專欄「戰略防守,多重嚇阻」。

●以上觀念表亦可見新書《撥雲見日》頁316。文字說明請見此書頁315-319。

●敬請賜教。

 

林中斌 2017.8.21

 

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Stephen Bannon Out at the White House After Turbulent Run

accessed August 19, 2017

 

Trump will finish his 4-year term, and may get re-elected for another 4 years.
China and the U.S. will cooperate more than contend in the future.

 

Chong-Pin Lin August 19, 2017


●川普很可能作完4 年。若屆時經濟過的去,2020有可能連任。
●中美合作將增加,對抗會持續但會逐漸減少。

 

林中斌 2017.8.19

 

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林中明「大國論」

accessed August 14, 2017

●2005年於「北京論壇」國際會議,舍弟林中明以精簡之25漢字定義何謂大國,並以其獨特之書法呈現此觀念之精神。

●以下為林中明之說明:「不足以“德”服人。只能停留在19世紀“霸權思維”。非常可惜。亦可見真正“大國”“進化”之不易也。」

林中斌 2017.8.17

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美國維州暴動

accessed August 14, 2017

Trump's supporters are getting impatient.
●川普的基本支持者不耐煩了。
The U.S. power has begun to weaken due to chaotic division from within.
●美國強權已從內部分歧和仇恨開始衰落。
The rise of the white supremacists has been ongoing for sometime.
●白人至上的運動發展已經有一段時間。
It has been reported in the local newspaper that a nation-wide demonstration of the white supremacists is being planned to take place in October.
●據當地維金尼亞州新聞報導,今年十月將有全國性的白人至上運動大遊行。
According to sources in the U.S., Steve Bannon the election campaign manager and the formerly influential White House Chief Strategist Steve Bannon is behind the Charlottesville event.
●根據美國內部消息,權力稍微受挫的白宮首席戰略師巴農可能是此次事件幕後的發動人。
Jewish people are being threatened.
●也是白人的猶太人亦受威脅。

 

林中斌 2017.8.14

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A Broken U.S. economy, in one simple chart

David Leonhardt, The New York Times, August 7, 2017

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/07/opinion/leonhardt-income-inequality.html?_r=0

accessed August 11, 2017

●這一張圖說盡美國34年來社會上收入不公平惡化的嚴重。1980年,每年收入增加最多的是最窮的5%的人。而2014年,每年收入增加最多的是最富有的0.001%的人。這才是美國最嚴重的問題。川普不是。他是結果,不是原因。

林中斌 2017.8.11

Many Americans can’t remember anything other than an economy with skyrocketing inequality, in which living standards for most Americans are stagnating and the rich are pulling away. It feels inevitable.

But it’s not.

A well-known team of inequality researchers — Thomas Piketty, Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel Zucman — has been getting some attention recently for a chart it produced. It shows the change in income between 1980 and 2014 for every point on the distribution, and it neatly summarizes the recent soaring of inequality.

The line on the chart (which we have recreated as the red line above) resembles a classic hockey-stick graph. It’s mostly flat and close to zero, before spiking upward at the end. That spike shows that the very affluent, and only the very affluent, have received significant raises in recent decades.

This line captures the rise in inequality better than any other chart or simple summary that I’ve seen. So I went to the economists with a request: Could they produce versions of their chart for years before 1980, to capture the income trends following World War II? You are looking at the result here.

The gray line in the chart above, labeled "1980," shows the change in income from 1946 to 1980. Below, you can watch the change across every 34-year period starting with 1946-1980 and ending with 1980-2014. Each line is labeled with the final year in the period:

    The message is straightforward. Only a few decades ago, the middle class and the poor weren’t just receiving healthy raises. Their take-home pay was rising even more rapidly, in percentage terms, than the pay of the rich.

    The post-inflation, after-tax raises that were typical for the middle class during the pre-1980 period — about 2 percent a year — translate into rapid gains in living standards. At that rate, a household’s income almost doubles every 34 years. (The economists used 34-year windows to stay consistent with their original chart, which covered 1980 through 2014.)

    In recent decades, by contrast, only very affluent families — those in roughly the top 1/40th of the income distribution — have received such large raises. Yes, the upper-middle class has done better than the middle class or the poor, but the huge gaps are between the super-rich and everyone else.

    The basic problem is that most families used to receive something approaching their fair share of economic growth, and they don’t anymore.

     It’s true that the country can’t magically return to the 1950s and 1960s (nor would we want to, all things considered). Economic growth was faster in those decades than we can reasonably expect today. Yet there is nothing natural about the distribution of today’s growth — the fact that our economic bounty flows overwhelmingly to a small share of the population.

    Different policies could produce a different outcome. My list would start with a tax code that does less to favor the affluent, a better-functioning education system, more bargaining power for workers and less tolerance for corporate consolidation.

    Remarkably, President Trump and the Republican leaders in Congress are trying to go in the other direction. They spent months trying to take away health insurance from millions of middle-class and poor families. Their initial tax-reform planswould reduce taxes for the rich much more than for everyone else. And they want to cut spending on schools, even though education is the single best way to improve middle-class living standards over the long term.

   Most Americans would look at these charts and conclude that inequality is out of control. The president, on the other hand, seems to think that inequality isn’t big enough.

 

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大國論

不足以“德”服人。 只能停留在 19世紀“霸權思維”。非常可惜。亦可見真正“大國” “進化”之不易也。

林中明(東林子) 2017.8.7 

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美中轉折點...未來50年怎麼走

August 3, 2017

https://money.udn.com/money/story/10511/2620308

accessed August 7, 2017

「提勒森說:美中有分歧,但是會以不需要公開衝突的方式處理這些分歧...」。意涵:

  • 美中兩國的戰爭未來不會爆發
  • 美國對中國政策的「調適派」(the accommodation school)從2004年萌芽,現在13年後已經上升
  • 2004年10月名評論家Fareed Zakara說:”To continue thriving the US must adjust itself to the rise of Asia led by China…” (Newseek Octobor 25, 2004) 「如果要繼續繁榮,美國必須要調整自己來適應在中國領導下亞洲的崛起」
  • 調適派:調整美國自己以適應中國的崛起(因為無法阻擋)
  • 調適派:由「媒體」進入「學界」在進入「官方」
  • 「調適派」有別於之前的美國對中國政策選項如「圍堵」(containment),「交往」(engagement),「圍堵加交往」(congagement),在於之前的三選項皆以美國為主導國,中國為標的國。而「調適派」的思維中,中美為平起平坐的共同主導國                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         林中斌 2017.8.7                                                                                                                                                                  

 

美國國務卿提勒森表示,美中關係正處在轉折點,雙方一直在討論如何定義未來五十年的美中關係;雙方將以避免公開衝突的方式處理分歧,過去政策的成功必須延續,「但我們認知到條件已改變,單靠過去(政策)可能對任何一方都不是最好。」

上任六個月的提勒森一日現身國務院記者會,提勒森表示,自前總統尼克森歷史性訪中、採行「一中政策」、三個文件與協議,這讓美中長時間未有衝突,為大陸巨大的經濟成長和繁榮創造條件,美國和世界各國也受益。

「這定義了我們(美中)過去四十年到五十年的關係,現在的問題是,我們相信我們正處於關係中的轉折點,因為大陸已成為世界第二大經濟體,對全球經濟的重要性也會持續成長。」提勒森說。

「未來五十年該如何定義這個(美中)關係?」提勒森指出,美方與中方廣泛討論此議題,包括如何定義關係,以及如何確保讓兩國和世界受益的經濟繁榮能持續下去。

提勒森所說的「三個文件與協議」意指美中三公報及台灣關係法等規範;美國政府長期一貫說法為「基於美中三公報與台灣關係法的『一中政策』」。

提勒森說,美中有分歧,但是會以不需要公開衝突的方式處理這些分歧;過去政策的成功必須延續,但美方認知到條件已改變,而單靠過去(政策)可能對任何一方都不是最好。此外,美中進行非常深入的對話與討論,美方也在北韓問題等情勢上「測試」這種關係,看雙方是否能共同努力解決這個全球威脅,是否有共同目標或仍有分歧;美中在南海、某些貿易方面有分歧,能否以不導致公開衝突的方式合作,並找到對雙方都好的解決方案。

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自由時報吸睛的評論

  • 彭明敏,《鬱卒萬分》-  August 2, 2017

http://talk.ltn.com.tw/article/paper/1123815

accessed Augsut 7, 2017

 

原味呈現,不加評論。多元觀察,掌握趨勢。

 

  • 彭明敏:「另一市長不慎失言『親中』…連『同文同種同祖』也搬出來…其他市長…『友中』、『和中』、『知中』…總統府馬上附和背書。…老百姓…萬分鬱卒。」
  • 李木通(海外小英後援會會長):「我訪問台灣好朋友葉望輝(Steven Yate,美前副總統錢尼之東亞政策顧問)。問到美國會不會支持台灣獨立公投(藉由公投宣布獨立),他說:『美國政府會激烈地反對,中國會劇烈地反對,…國際社會也會劇烈地反對』
  • 黃天麟(國策顧問):「親台的川普政權近期出現警訊,美國在臺協會主席莫健突如其來的『美艦停靠台灣困難甚至危險』就是其一。川普和郭台銘共同宣布富士康將在美國…投資一百億元,就是其二。…顯然地,…最大贏家是北京,對美國而言即是從一盤勝局的大退卻。…北京在持續拼命衝鋒陷陣,而台灣呢?令人擔憂」

◎ 彭明敏

    著名大學一位不大著名的醫師,不知什麼時候起,對於政治發生興趣,時而談政,突兀而奇特,世人驚異而好奇,覺得其言不無道理,較之那些油腔滑調的政客們,天真可愛、新鮮有趣而有魅力,人氣漸旺,媒體從日語輸入「素人」(外行、非職業性者)一句,形容其「清純」,人氣擴大,終於乘勢奇襲,當選市長。

以後一時還有衝勁推動新政改革,但沉潛於現實政治的腐敗暗黑醬缸裡,難免俗化政客化,「素人」魅力漸退燒,但奇言奇行尚存不變。受到外賓贈送一個錶,說可以棄之垃圾桶,媒體稱之「坦率」;穿白帶運動鞋出席正式場合,媒體稱之「不修邊幅」,也許本人以獨行非凡為傲,實則大丟台北市民之臉。

另一市長不慎失言「親中」,為面子不願修正,死鴨硬嘴巴,用各種遁辭掩護尷尬,連「同文同種同祖」也搬出來(正是罵台獨「數典忘祖」的哲理基礎);其他市長輸人不輸陣,「友中」、「和中」、「知中」、「交流」、「溝通」、「諒解」、「誤解」、「一家親」統統出來,總統府馬上附和背書。於此民進黨「一家親」派,形成了。

台北市繼承前任既定計畫,舉辦二流的國際運動會,為了招來較多中國人參加,市長藉機親赴上海,各方討好,除了老套「一家親」、「同文同種同祖」之外,一個新的「夫妻」論出爐了,說雙方「床頭吵床尾和」一如夫妻,比「一家親」再深一步。

美蘇冷戰時,雙方擁有數千原子核子彈對峙,倘若真的開戰,將是人類文明的滅亡。中國一千多飛彈瞄準台灣,民主國家與專制獨裁國家對立的嚴峻,攸關人類的命運,輕鬆將其比擬夫妻的爭架,其對國際現實的認識,竟是如此,真令人為台灣欲哭。

中國航母在海峽展武,轟炸機群頻繁飛繞台灣四周,我軍機上空監視,他們則謂「自家人了」。如此,給「一家親」打了一個大大響亮的耳光。一千多飛彈、航母、轟炸機群,動武宣傳等赤裸裸的恫嚇也改不了「一家親」,那麼什麼都沒用了。

可憐的是天真的老百姓,不知政府的中國政策究竟在哪裡,只有右往左往,萬分鬱卒。

(作者為前總統府資政)

 

 

◎ 李木通

    上星期,洛杉磯台美商會為台灣的好朋友葉望輝先生舉辦一場演講會及一場募款餐會,支持他參選愛達荷州副州長。我把握這難得的機會專訪他。問到美國會不會支持台灣獨立公投(藉由公投宣布獨立或正名),他說,「美國政府會激烈地反對,中國會劇烈地反對,國際社會也會劇烈地反對」。

我追問美國應該支持台灣獨立,台灣才不會被中國拉過去。他說,台灣還沒有準備好(not ready),像美國開國元勛,他們宣誓,願意以他們的生命、他們的財產、他們神聖的名譽(sacred honor)來保證他們支持美國獨立宣言。假如台灣人願意以生命、財產及神聖的人格來保證全力支持台灣獨立建國,就可得到國際的支持及援助。但是目前台灣還沒有準備好

我問他對台灣有什麼建言?他很誠懇地說:「從八○年代到現在,台灣的發展真好!民主化、經濟成長、教育水平提高、企業發展國際化,台灣的成長是非常非常好,別人看台灣會感到嫉妒。台灣唯一的弱點或者是感到遺憾的部分,就是外交空間太小。所以我覺得,台灣是不是獨立,不是因為有公投或者一個正式的宣佈,變成台灣共和國。台灣是獨立,因為台灣人民以自己為主,不要為這個外交問題太悲觀,因為外交空間以外,還有政治的空間、經濟的空間還有其他空間,應該發揮能夠做到的。」他也鼓勵我們:「台灣雖然沒有很多正式外交關係,台灣全球有很多朋友,所以應該有點自傲的感覺,台灣是一個偉大的地方,應該對自己有信心。」

葉望輝先生是我們的好朋友,他的話很坦白、誠懇,他的忠告,我們一定要珍惜。目前立法院正在修正公投法,國內有數個民間團體正準備在二○一八或二○二○提出獨立、正名公投案。美國與其他國家的反應及公投可能產生的後果,必須事先做慎重的評估。

(作者為海外小英後援會會長、美洲台灣日報社社長)

   

 

    「親台」的川普政權近期出現警訊,美國在台協會主席莫健突如其來的「美艦停靠台灣困難甚至危險」就是其一,上週三美國總統川普和郭台銘共同宣布富士康(Foxconn)將在美國威斯康辛州投資一百億美元,就是其二。有人把此投資案視為商業行為,讚譽有加,認為最大贏家是郭董。是單純的商業行為嗎?富士康是中國的公司,試想,無北京的點頭,誰敢向天借膽?顯然地,這是一場以中國為導演的中美經濟合作案件,最大的贏家是北京,對美國言即是從一盤勝局的大退卻。

川普之勝選,得利於美國基層藍領對全球資本主義的反撲。全球化帶來的是美、日、歐、台等國家的低薪,與藍領、基層白領的失業。最大的受惠國即是中國,它以專制手段操控匯率及貿易條件,把全球化的利益集於一身。川普的競選團隊聚集了不少深諳此問題真相的先達,《致命中國》(Death by China的作者那法若(Peter Navarro)就是其中之一。

北京當然知道問題之嚴重性,默默地、暗地裏尋找化解危機的竅門。他們成功搭上了川普的女兒伊凡卡(Ivanka Trump)及女婿庫許納(Jared Kushner),這兩人對川普之影響力,當然非這些「致命中國」強硬派學者所可比擬。尤其伊凡卡在中國至少擁有十六個註冊商標及龐大的商機,伊凡卡的一對兒女更在習川會演唱「茉莉花」、朗誦「三字經」,和樂融融之氣氛,給中美關係帶來一大轉折,也可說是北京華府遊說團的一大勝利。

中國不愧為政治的動物、談判高手,善於以「大原則」套住往後的談判方向。中國在「川習會」,同樣一開始就把中美關係確立在「不衝突、不對抗、相互尊重、合作共贏的精神發展關係」。這一大原則之確立,等於切斷了選戰中川普對中國之各項批判與指責。中國之策略是成功的,中國丟出去的是Foxconn麵包,結果,匯率之指責沒了,代之而來的是「改善美中貿易百日計畫」、「十項經貿共識」等一連串「以合作代替對抗的新型大國關係」架構。

「富士康百億投資威州計畫」,因投資者是中國公司,在白宮的記者會上亦沒有一句提到台灣,郭董還在致詞中感謝川普女婿庫許納的牽引,整個計畫自始就是以中美關係為底色。

「伊凡卡庫許納路線」在白宮似已站上「上方」,友台的白宮幕僚長蒲博思(Reince Priebus)之去職,更進一步引證「對中強硬派」的日趨式微。

北京在華府外交戰的勝利,所表示的當然是台灣外交的失分。問題是,北京還在持續拚命衝鋒陷陣,而台灣呢?令人擔憂。

(作者為國策顧問,曾任第一銀行總經理、董事長)

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Life supportThe struggle to define a LCS bare minimum

David B. Larter, DefenseNews, July 10, 2017

https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2017/07/09/life-support-the-navy-s-struggle-to-define-an-lcs-bare-minimum/

accessed August 7, 2017

  • The U.S. under Trump in building warships more to maintain employment than to maintain military sufficiency. This is a dangerous sign for a rich and powerful country to spend itself into decline.

      川普的美國政府花錢多造軍艦(其實軍力已足夠),為了避免造船工人失業,這是富有的強權濫花不必要的錢而掏空自己的先兆。

 

  • The U.S. Navy decided to build one more littoral combat ship (LCS) in 2018 but Trump administration suddenly reversed course in May 2017 to build two instead of one more LCSs for fear of triggering 1000 layoff.

      美國海軍去年已決定只要在2018年多件一艘「沿海戰鬥艦」就夠了。2017年5月川普政府突然改變計畫要在2018年建兩艘「沿海戰鬥艦」。原因不是軍力上有需要而是要避免引發         1000工人失業,有違背川普競選之諾言。

 

WASHINGTON  — Over two days in May, a bizarre scene played out in Washington involving the U.S. Navy's controversial littoral combat ship program and the fiscal year 2018 budget request.  
 

    On May 23, the U.S. Navy rolled out its 2018 budget request that included one littoral combat ship, or LCS. The logic was that since Congress had given the Navy three in fiscal year 2017, an additional one would keep both builders — Wisconsin-based Marinette Marine and Alabama-based Austal USA — afloat. 
 

    But inside the White House, alarm bells went off in some sectors. Peter Navarro, the head of U.S. President Donald Trump's trade and industrial policy office, was looking at information indicating one ship could trigger layoffs at both shipyards. Those concerns were shared by senior Trump aides Rick Dearborn and Stephen Miller — both old hands of long-time Alabama Sen. Jeff Sessions — and together they lobbied and prevailed upon Office of Management and Budget Director Mick Mulvaney to add a second ship to the request. 

The White House estimated that one ship in 2018 could trigger more than 1,000 layoffs between Marinette and Austal — not a good look for an administration that rode a populist wave into office months earlier on a message of preserving and growing the manufacturing and industrial sectors, and who flipped Wisconsin red for the first time since 1984.  
 

    Concerns were mounting that continuing a tepid buying strategy could even lead to the closure of one or both shipyards ahead of the Navy's planned shift from LCS to a new, more deadly frigate by the end of 2020. 
 

    "Maintaining the industrial base was really the sole consideration," said a source familiar with the White House deliberations. 
 

    On the morning of May 24, acting Navy Secretary Sean Stackley testified to the Senate defense appropriations subcommittee that the Navy was asking for the one LCS as the "minimum sustaining" amount to keep the shipyards viable. But by that afternoon, acting Assistant Secretary of the Navy Research, Development and Acquisition Allison Stiller testified to the House Seapower and Projection Forces Subcommittee that the administration supported a second LCS. 
 

    "We desire to transition to the frigate as soon as possible. However, the administration recognizes the criticality of our industrial base and supports funding a second LCS in FY-18," Stiller testified. 

Defense watchers and experts were dumbfounded by the quick course reversal in just 24 hours. The strange back-and-forth over the troubled ship class highlighted the current reality of the program. Interviews with more than a dozen Navy, industry and government officials and a Defense News review of hours of public testimony reveal  a ship-buying program caught between the Navy's shifting requirements, politics and the realities of a strained industrial base — all of which has combined to create an insurmountable inertia that is keeping the program alive even as the Navy desperately tries to change directions. 
 

'The Navy doesn't want them'
 

    The littoral combat ship's budget season got off to a rough start. 
 

    After shepherding a revised 2017 budget through Congress, the Trump administration prepared to roll out its FY18 budget three weeks later. On May 4, Mulvaney went on the conservative Hew Hewitt radio show and talked ship building. 
 

    Hewitt told Mulvaney he was unhappy that Trump's 2017 budget didn't have extra money for shipbuilding, which set Mulvaney off on the LCS. 
 

    "There's a discussion right now on whether or not we add some additional littoral combat ships. … And there's a really healthy and positive debate on that. Here's one of the issues: the Navy doesn't want them." 
 

    Hewitt, a long-time LCS critic, went on to ask Mulvaney if the shipbuilders could repurpose the yards to build more lethal frigates. Mulvaney answered that it would take time and that whole build-up to the administration's goal of 350 ships would be a challenge due to a lack of capacity in the industrial base. 
 

    But Mulvaney's assertion that the Navy didn't want the ships was catnip for LCS critics on Capitol Hill, who pounced on it and the rapid reversal of the Navy's initial budget request support for just one LCS. During the House Armed Services Committee markup of the 2018 National Defense Authorization Act, Rep. Seth Moulton, D-Mass., cited Mulvaney's comment while he introduced an amendment to strip one of the three LCS HASC intended to authorize. Moulton's amendment, which intended to redirect funding to munitions shortfalls, ultimately failed after HASC Chairman Mac Thornberry, R-Texas, spoke out against it. In doing so, Thornberry said the savings generated by continuing the lines ultimately saved money. 
 

    "I'm … convinced the Navy is moving from the LCS towards the frigate," Thornberry said. "They believe they can do that smoother and better by continuing the LCS line, and it is a matter of economics. If you can do it, ... avoid the ups and downs of industrial production cost [and] ultimately save the taxpayers more money." 
 

     Keeping the yards running is as much about national defense as it is about Congress' parochial concerns, said Eric Wertheim, a naval analyst and author and editor of the U.S. Naval Institute's "Guide to Combat Fleets of the World." 
 

    "You can't negate the value of the shipbuilding industry; it's a core element of our national defense infrastructure," Wertheim said. "From the top level — Congress, the secretary of the Navy — they are looking at more than just the most efficient way to buy any individual ship. When you look at the shipyards as part of the national defense infrastructure, you want to keep those skills alive.  
 

    "There is a reason we don't just outsource our shipbuilding to the cheapest bidder overseas: We really have to maintain a very deep capability and have shipyards fully engaged." 
 

    Furthermore, several Navy and government officials pointed to the long-term benefit to the Navy of having more than just two companies, General Dynamics and Huntington Ingalls, building Navy ships.  
 

    "Yes, we want the frigate as soon as possible, but when we get there, we want as much competition as possible," said a Navy official who spoke on background. "If one or both of those shipyards were to go under, the process would be a lot less competitive for future vessels." 
 

    Navy officials have testified that the shrinking industrial base, including the shipbuilders and the litany of subcontractors and vendors, is a significant concern. In 2015, Stackley testified before Congress that some of the shipyards were just a contract away from going under. 
 

    "We have eight shipyards currently building U.S. Navy ships. And of those eight shipyards, about half of them are a single contract away from being what I would call 'not viable,'"  Stackley told the Senate Armed Services Committee. "In other words, the workload drops below the point at which the shipyard can sustain the investment that it needs to be competitive and the loss of skilled labor that comes with the breakage of a contract." 
 

'We went to sleep'
 

    Underpinning all the concerns about LCS from its critics both in and outside of the Navy has been the rising threat from China and Russia.  
 

When the Navy launched the program in the early 2000s, it was preparing for more low-end missions such as counter-drug, counter-terror and counter-piracy missions that don't require multibillion-dollar warships. The program was envisioned as a way to address a broad scope of mission by making it modular — given the ship the ability to convert from a submarine hunter to a mine sweeper or light frigate. 
 

    The program was never envisioned for a world with a rising China and resurgent Russia posing a significant threat to the Navy that it thought died with the Cold War, said a retired senior naval officer closely familiar with the program who spoke on background. That caused the Navy to want to push for a more lethal frigate. It also caused the Navy to try and figure out what its going to do with the nearly 30 ships it has in the fleet or under contract now, the source said.  
 

     "We went to sleep after the Cold War, and when we woke up we found we had two near-peer competitors who were trying to kick our ass," the officer said. "Against China, Russia, hell, even Yemen as we saw last year: The thing has to be able to defend itself. They are going to put more armor on it, better electronic warfare systems to make it harder for missiles to seek; they're giving it the ability to shoot down super-sonic missiles. They have to bring it up to a level where it's survivable."  
 

    In the meantime, the Navy has maintained that it needs at least 52 small surface combatants, ultimately made up mostly of littoral combat ships, to do security cooperation exercises with allies and the low-end missions the LCS was purchased for in the first place, said Bryan Clark, a retired submariner and analyst with the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. 

Having the LCS in the fleet would allow the Navy to work through deferred maintenance on its larger surface combatants. 
 

    "The Navy needs these ships for security cooperation missions," Clark said. "You want to talk about the readiness crisis; they keep deploying cruisers and destroyers to do missions that could easily be handled by a ship with less capability. These are the ships that you'd really want for that."

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美軍在日本汙染環境未向東京報告

美巡洋艦在日本擱淺

艦船知識   April, 2017

http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2017-02/03/c_129464320.htm

accessed August 7, 2017

駐日美軍在2002-2016年至少造成270起環境汙染事件,其中絕大多數未向日本政府報告

 

 

1月30日,美海軍駐日本橫須賀基地的”安提坦”號巡洋艦在東京灣擱淺,幸未造成人員傷亡,但是導致螺旋槳斷裂和液壓油洩漏,造成環境汙染.據日本媒體2016年年底公開的文件顯示,駐日美軍自2002年6月至2016年6月至少發生過270起環境汙染事件,其中絕大多數都未向日本政府報告.

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21歲哈佛女博士

李文涵, 希望之聲, July 18, 2017

http://www.soundofhope.org/b5/2017/07/18/n938880.html

accessed July 27, 2017

聰穎不一定要驕傲。亮麗不一定要虛榮。富貴不一定要懶惰。請看一則正在發生的故事。從小唸唐詩、禪修、跑步、助人的天才、長成為走秀模特兒、21歲雙料博士。

林中斌 2017.7.27

   

   比爾·蓋茲的母親曾經撐着羸弱病體,在他的婚禮派對中,公開敦促他:“得天獨厚的人呀!你背負了比常人更沉重的使命。”

   楊元寧也是如此。外人眼中,她出身豪門,是王永慶的外孫女,她的父親楊定一則是長庚生技董事長,從小就是天才兒童,13歲以全巴西最高分考上醫學院,21歲就拿到紐約洛克斐勒大學生化博士及康乃爾醫學院醫學雙博士。

   楊元寧16歲就出版了7本發人省思的童書,17歲為“紐約時尚周”走秀,18歲進入哈佛大學就讀,修習生物學與東方哲學雙學位,並在大學二年級就修完哲學系的應修學分。

1、特殊教育,感悟哲思人生

   她的成績除了來自聰穎的天賦,更重要的是楊定一特殊的訓練──朗誦古典文獻。身為科學家與醫師,楊定一在研究兒童腦波時發現,朗誦古文時,兒童腦波的狀態與靜坐時一樣,腦波彼此平行如一道巨大的雷射光波,不僅代表着深層的紓解與冥想,更是讓大腦發揮創意的必要條件。

   至於為什麼要挑選古代聖哲的著作?他認為這是讓孩子們直接與大師對話,他更要求帶領朗誦的大人不要解釋字義,他相信孩子們有足夠的智慧了解,而這些經文也不至於因為大人的解釋而扭曲原意。

   6歲起,楊定一就帶着她與兩個弟弟讀經書,從孔子、老子到佛家思想,楊元寧笑笑說:“小時候這樣讀古文只是好玩,但那些文字好像有生命,不同時候會跑出來產生新的意義。”

   在這麼多經書中,最讓楊元寧有所感悟的,則是《六祖壇經》,經書所言:“菩提本無樹,明鏡亦非台;本來無一物,何處惹塵埃。”對她影響深遠。9歲時,她與父親參加5日禪修,在第5天打坐要結束時,楊元寧忍不住嚎啕大哭,楊定一緊張地以為5日禪坐讓孩子身體不適,沒想到楊元寧卻哭着說:“原來人生是一場空。”

   16歲那年,楊元寧出版了7本童書,《大地醫生》《不再恐懼》《活在沉靜中:讚頌大地》《整體療法》《記得快樂》《大笑老人》《業力:一分耕耘一分收穫》等。小男孩吉多因為透過與爺爺對話,體會了生命的意義。書中處處充滿佛家哲思,她坦言書中寫的道理,都是給大人看的,而智慧爺爺則是父親楊定一的化身。

   她甚至談到連成年人都講不清的“業力”,在《業力:一分耕耘一分收穫》中說,人生的一切都是將石頭丟在水中,激起陣陣漣漪,引發善惡因果,更說:“我們的靈魂或是精神,不論我們叫它什麼,也是一樣的。即使拋去了這個肉體,我們的靈魂還是永存。真相是,我們原本就是美麗的靈魂。暫居在這皮骨袋裡。內在是無限地光明,永遠不滅地閃耀着。”

2、傳承門風,成為他人天使

   出身豪門,對楊元寧最大的意義,不是揮霍不盡的金錢,而是最好的教育環境,以及好家庭的“家風”──儘力、勤儉、助人。從小,家族裡的長輩就身體力行:“無論碰到多大的困難,一旦立定目標,就要盡全力。”問楊元寧:“你人生遇過最大的困難是什麼?”她認真地想了想,回答:“沒有,我一定儘力完成。”

   她承認自己有完美傾向,常常連楊定一都拜託她放輕鬆。申請大學時,她比別人早兩個月寄出所有的申請表格;老師建議她不要超過6所大學,

   她卻一口氣申請了12所,而且每一份表格都費盡心思,強烈表達她渴望入學的慾望。最後她被哈佛大學以提前申請的方式准許入學,在哈佛所有的入學方式中,是最困難的。當她獲准入學後,輕輕鬆鬆放假,別的同學們還在拖延着,直到最後一刻才拚命。

   勤儉,自然是這個家族最為人所知的門風。王永慶先生總是一條毛巾用到破。楊定一在餐桌上也有規矩,他不準孩子們有剩菜,他說:“吃飽,不是理所當然,非洲有幾百萬人都在挨餓。”

   楊元寧也不像一般富家千金愛奢華,她很少買衣服,特別是學期中,寧願把時間拿來念書,也不花錢血拚;好不容易可以買衣服,總是平價實穿得體就好,一件衣服穿個45年很平常。

   助人,則是楊定一從小教育楊元寧時,最重要的觀念。楊定一在巴西見過太多窮人,知道他們的苦以及自己的富足,所以他從小告誡楊元寧:“你很幸運出生在這樣的家庭,更應該幫助人。”

   楊元寧的心比父親期望的還要柔軟。從小隻要有同學生病請假,楊元寧除了打電話關心,還會幫同學準備好缺漏的功課。曾經有個猶太媽媽握着楊定一的手說:“楊元寧真是個小天使。”

   從賓格利高中(The Pingry School)畢業時,楊元寧除了在學業上獲得無數獎項,最讓她驕傲的,則是“羅斯奈爾獎”(Russ Neil Award),由全校250位同年級學生選出得獎者;另外,最高榮譽的“勞丹帝獎”(Magistri Laudandi Award),得獎評語則是:“其他獎項或可表揚‘最可能締造成就者’,但該生乃因‘最能夠幫助眾人締造成就’而獲頒此獎”。

   台上綻放,要求完美表現進入哈佛後,楊元寧幾乎投注所有心力在智識的追求,夜夜苦讀,兩三天就讀完一百多頁黑格爾的哲學思想或者生物學理論。念書累了,她就去湖邊跑步,睡前爽快地做上百個仰卧起坐當遊戲。

   她永遠提前把老師交付的功課做完,兩年來科科得A。楊定一勸她放輕鬆,甚至開玩笑:“只要妳有一科得B,我就請妳吃飯!”直到大學二年級結束,楊元寧都沒吃到爸爸這頓“拜託不要拚命”的晚餐。

   但別以為楊元寧是個無趣的書獃子。17歲時,她在朋友慫恿下參加試鏡,成為平面模特兒,楊元寧總是從紐澤西開車進紐約參加一場又一場的面試,直接面對被挑選的殘酷,以及被選上後嚴苛的工作。第一次當模特兒,她是現場最小的菜鳥,做造型要忍受髮型師拉扯頭髮,拍照一站就是12小時。

   她曾為美國《Vogue》雜誌拍照,在“紐約時裝周”走秀,上了哈佛大學後甚至擔任起模特兒指導。新手走秀難免膽怯,她上台前告訴自己:“你一定要相信自己是美麗的!”

   不過她這個模特兒也很特別,拍照現場當大家都在閑聊,她卻帶上耳機,抱着書本苦讀。尤其接近大學申請前,有無數的先修科考試(Advanced Placement,簡稱AP),她一邊走秀一邊讀書,還得個全A

   楊元寧做模特兒,除了好玩,更重要的是去吃苦。別以為模特兒光鮮亮麗,每一次面試都要殘酷地被挑選、到了現場要毫不保留,勇敢地展現自己,更別提在冬天穿薄紗拍照的痛苦。

   楊元寧開玩笑說:“我爸爸覺得吃點苦很好,所以很支持。”

   助人為本,願世人都得福

   她若不是天才,怎麼會如此優秀?楊定一卻說:“每個孩子都是天才,只要大人能夠放下。”

   楊定一從不限制孩子們的選擇,唯一在意的,是希望孩子放下“我”,他說:“如果把自我成就當成人生最重要的事情,到後來一定會失望。”

   楊定一常說,人生最重要的是“願”,有了希望,自然會走向它。他在小小楊元寧心中種下“助人的願”,已長成一棵不斷努力向天空延伸的小樹,只求濃蔭庇人。有了奔向藍天的目標,自然不會迷失。

   楊元寧在學校曾經為了幫助中國兔唇的孩子籌措經費,舉辦時尚走秀活動募款;參加不同的非營利性組織,為貧苦的人找希望。

   楊定一在危地馬拉推動的“住屋計劃”,楊元寧更是重要幫手。那是一個為了當地貧民所興建的計劃,分別為“希望之村”與“光之城市”的計劃。“希望之村”建造了環保而美麗的房屋,每戶只要11000美元,目的是讓中低收入戶的貧民能夠有屋可住;“光之城市”則是造鎮計劃,包含2000戶住家、商用建築、學校、醫院等。

   回美國的楊元寧常想起那些貧窮景象,貧窮單親媽媽帶着孩子住破爛鐵皮屋,一出門就被男人毛手毛腳,每天還要坐兩個小時的巴士去工作,楊元寧就忍不住難過。

   於是,楊元寧在繁重的課業外,還主動提出要幫忙製作說明書,她打了幾十通國際電話,跟不同單位要來詳細數據,消化後寫成易懂的簡介,在危地馬拉總統面前簡報自己的夢想與實踐方法。

   在新書《哈佛心體驗》最後她寫着:“我的夢想是,有一天,我能為世界各地無數的貧困人口提供更好的生活方式。成為志工企業家之後,我希望能幫助世上每一個人獲得平靜、和諧、均衡的生活。我希望在某一天,即使是孤兒與棄兒,也有機會獲得良好的教育,並體驗世界的美好。”

   為別人付出,回報是什麼?她笑着說:“看到被幫助的人開心,就是最棒的。”

   對楊元寧來說,哈佛大學,只是人生的起點:“我真要想趕快畢業,趕快去幫助人。”

   電影《蜘蛛人》里,影響蜘蛛人最深的一句話,是養育他成人的叔叔所說:“Remember, with great power, comes great responsibility。(能力愈強,責任愈大。)”

   楊元寧才20歲,讓人欣羨的天賦家世,滋養她,也考驗她。然而,最終能讓她閃閃發光的,不是出身豪門名校,也不是美貌與才華,而是慈悲心。

許多人期待着當楊元寧4050歲,具備了深度的智識與人生智慧後,會做出一番什麼事業?

   無論如何,人生苦短,若世界因為有了她,而變得美好柔軟,就是眾人與她最大的福氣。

   最後,我希望留下這幾句話:修行勝過一切!

   相信它,你一定不會失望,你的人生必定會改變。

 

 

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緬甸轉向北京Myanmar attracts attention of Beijing

Jane Perlez, The New York Times, July 19, 2017

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/19/world/asia/myanmar-china-us-diplomacy-trump.html

accessed July 24, 2017

緬甸曾在軍政府時期依附北京,但2011年被美國拉攏,並支持親西方翁山蘇姬主政。
● 可是最近翁山蘇姬靠向北京,甚至不去華府參加東南亞各國論壇而去北京。
● 緬甸轉向北京兩大原因:一、川普不像歐巴馬,對東南亞失去興趣。二、北京以「超軍事手段」(extra-military instrument)極力爭取東南亞國家。
● 轉向北京的國家有
- 美國盟友菲律賓。總統杜特蒂強力親中。

- 美國盟友泰國向北京購買潛艇,並應北京要求遣返逃至泰國的維吾爾人士。
- 馬來西亞接受中國高速鐵路計畫
● 北京吸引緬甸之手段包括
- 在聯合國阻止美國譴責緬甸迫害境內回教徒(Rohingya)
- 說服緬甸境內參與內戰之各族裔放下武器
- 建造73 億美元之皎漂(Kyaukpyu)港及附近32億美元之工業園區。皎漂港85%費用由北京負擔,也讓北京可獲得通印度洋之港口,甚至可能成為中國未來之海軍基地。

林中斌 2017.7.19

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

   NAYPYIDAW, Myanmar — When  Myanmar’s leader, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, wanted to hold a peace con ference to end her country’s long-burning insurgencies, a senior Chinese diplomat went to work.

   The official assembled scores of rebel leaders, many with longstanding connections to China, briefed them on the peace gathering and flew them on a chartered plane to Myanmar’s capital. There, after being introduced to a beaming Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi, they were wined and dined, and sang rowdy karaoke late into the night.

   A cease-fire may still be a long way off, but the gesture neatly illustrates how Myanmar, a former military dictatorship that the United States worked hard to press toward democracy, is now depending on China to help solve its problems.

   The pieces all fell into place for China: It wanted peace in Myanmar to protect its new energy investments, it had the leverage to press the rebels and it found an opening to do a favor for Myanmar to deliver peace.

   China is now able to play its natural role in Myanmar in a more forceful way than ever before as the United States under the Trump administration steps back from more than six years of heavy engagement in Myanmar, including some tentative contacts with some of the rebels. The vacuum left by the United States makes China’s return all the easier.

   When Myanmar began to adopt democratic reforms in 2011, the Obama administration quickly reciprocated, loosening sanctions as part of a broader effort to strengthen relationships with Southeast Asian nations as a bulwark against China’s rise.

   As Myanmar’s relations with China cooled, the result of what many saw as heavy-handed intervention by Beijing, Barack Obama became, in 2012, the first American president to visit the country. He came again in 2014, promoting stronger trade and security relations, and counted Myanmar’s opening as a foreign policy coup.

   But the United States did little to build on the new relationship, and now the tables have turned. As the Trump administration pays little attention, China is exercising strategic and economic interests that come from geographic proximity, using deep pockets for building billion-dollar infrastructure and activating ethnic ties with some of the rebel groups, all areas where the United States cannot compete.

   “China wants to show: ‘We are doing our best at your behest,’” said Min Zin, executive director of the Institute for Strategy and Policy in Myanmar, who attended the peace gathering in May. “As the United States recedes, Aung San Suu Kyi is relying more and more on China in Myanmar and on the international stage.”

   And not only Myanmar. Across Southeast Asia, China is energetically bringing nations into its orbit, wooing American friends and allies with military hardware, infrastructure deals and diplomatic attention.

   In the Philippines, an American ally, President Rodrigo Duterte is leaning strongly toward Beijing. The military government in Thailand, another American ally, has bought submarines from China and, at China’s request, deported Uighurs, a Turkic ethnic group that China accuses of fomenting violence in China. In Malaysia, China is offering Prime Minister Najib Razak lucrative deals like high-speed train projects.

   After the Obama administration made big gains in Myanmar, China’s president, Xi Jinping, was reported to have asked, “Who lost Myanmar?” The message has gotten through, as China is now pushing on multiple fronts to bring the country back into its fold.

   Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi seems receptive. She has visited Beijing twice since becoming Myanmar’s de facto leader last year. In contrast, she skipped an invitation from Washington to attend a conclave of Southeast Asian foreign ministers — she is also foreign minister of Myanmar — organized by Secretary of State Rex W. Tillerson.

   China and Myanmar have also found common cause in their hard line on Muslims. At the United Nations several months ago, China blocked a statement supported by the United States on the persecution of the Rohingya, the Muslim minority in Myanmar.

   But nowhere is China’s effort to win over Myanmar clearer than as mediator in Myanmar’s ethnic civil wars, the mission Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi says is dearest to her heart.

   “I do believe that as a good neighbor China will do everything possible to promote our peace process,” she said during a visit to China last year. “If you ask me what my most important aim is for my country, it is to achieve peace and unity among the different peoples of our union.”

   China is well positioned to help. Among the armed groups most resistant to peace talks are the United Wa State Army and the Kokang Army, both of which have been tacitly supported by China for years in their battles with the Myanmar military.

   The Wa, whose army is said to have 20,000 members, use Chinese currency in their autonomous region, where illegal narcotics are made and exported into China. Two Wa arms factories produce weapons with the help of former Chinese Army officers, and the Wa have received Chinese armored combat vehicles and tank destroyers, probably through Chinese middlemen, experts say.

   A third group, the Arakan Army, uses Chinese arms and vehicles provided by the Wa.

   China’s special envoy for Asian affairs, Sun Guoxiang, brought the leaders of all three to the peace conference, as well as the leaders of four other rebel groups, most of whom use Chinese weapons.

   “China wants quiet in Myanmar,” said Maung Aung Myoe, an expert on the Myanmar military at the International University of Japan. “It hurts their interests to have fighting because it disrupts China’s trade. China now owns the peace process. The Myanmar military knows that.”

   China has a particular interest in pressing the Arakan rebels to the peace table. They operate in the western state of Rakhine, where they can wreak havoc with the Chinese-built pipelines that carry oil and natural gas from the Bay of Bengal to southern China. Keeping Rakhine free of unrest may have also been a factor in China’s blocking the United Nations from issuing a statement on the allegations of atrocities committed by Myanmar’s army there.

   The stakes are rising as a Chinese state-owned corporation negotiates final permissions to build a $7.3 billion deep-sea port at Kyaukpyu, a port town in Rakhine that will give China highly prized access to the Indian Ocean.

   Citic Construction of China is to start building the port early next year, having won the contract by covering 85 percent of the cost, said Oo Maung, vice chairman of the Kyaukpyu special economic zone management committee. Citic also won the right to build a $3.2 billion industrial park nearby, he said.

   The port is a signature project of China’s global “One Belt, One Road”initiative, a $1 trillion global infrastructure campaign, which ensured preferential financing, said Yuan Shaobin, vice chairman of Citic Construction.

   The United States generally leaves construction projects and other investments abroad to private companies, and Myanmar, a frontier economy fraught with risks, is considered an unattractive destination, said Mary P. Callahan, associate professor of international studies at the University of Washington.

   “American companies haven’t come because of the high price of land, and a difficult approval process,” she said. “The labor force is cheap but not skilled.”

   America’s loss may be China’s strategic gain. China’s ownership of the port — Citic will have the right to operate it for 50 years, with a possible 25-year extension — hands Beijing a giant boost in its long-term plans for supremacy in the Indian Ocean, analysts said.

   Once completed, “Kyaukpyu will be a Chinese naval base,” said Mr. Maung Aung Myoe, the military analyst. “China desperately needs access on the eastern side of the Indian Ocean.”

   China is already building Indian Ocean ports in Pakistan and Sri Lanka, and it is seeking approval for one in Bangladesh.

   Some hurdles remain. Frustration with China roils the scruffy town of Kyaukpyu, among the poorest in Myanmar. After a decade of Chinese pipeline construction in the area, ordinary people say they received few benefits. The schools built by China as part of a corporate responsibility project were empty shells, they said.

   “I got a few cents a day for digging the pipeline and about $250 for the five-year use of my land,” said Tun Aung Kyaw, 56, a farmer who was walking to herd his six cows in bare feet, a thin tarpaulin tied across his bare chest to protect him from the monsoon rain.

   Citic is aware of the hostility and is working with nongovernmental organizations in Kyaukpyu to avoid past mistakes, Mr. Yuan said. Citic will train Myanmar workers for 3,000 jobs for the park and the port, he said.

   China also faces suspicions among Myanmar’s politicians, many of whom opposed a Chinese-financed dam planned at Myitsone, on the Irrawaddy River, to provide power to China. The previous government, yielding to public opposition, suspended the $3.6 billion project. Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi’s government has appointed a commission to decide the dam’s fate.

   A confidant of hers and a member of her political party, Mi Khun Chan, said China viewed aiding the peace process as part of the cost of winning a green light for the dam.

   For all the misgivings among her people about China, Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi seems impressed with Beijing’s power to assist in peace.

   Her father, Aung San, the leader of Burma after World War II, dreamed of a united country. He almost got there, presiding over an agreement with ethnic leaders in 1947 for a federation of states. Six months later he was assassinated.

   Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi wants to finish the job. “Our goal is the emergence of a democratic federal union based on democracy and federalism,” she said at the opening of the peace conference.

   For the moment, she has China at her side.

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一個卑微的中國文盲,卻讓美國人崇拜不已,失蹤111年後,今天全世界都在尋找他!

銳世界, July 04, 2017

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/LDJDiQAt_wN9exfy7FLRSw

accessed July 23, 2017

●哥倫比亞大學漢學研究是美國第一所。它的來源竟是一位華人文盲捐出一生忠心作僕人所的...。感人而真實的故事。誠摯推薦。
 

林中斌 2017.7.23

 

2007年,

聞名世界的美國哥倫比亞大學,

發起一則尋人啟事,他們要尋找的,

是一個100多年前的中國人。

幾乎一夜之間,

全世界都開始尋找這個中國人,

中央電視臺也加入其中。

 

這不禁令人好奇,

這個中國人到底是何方神聖,

為何撥動了無數人的心弦,

值得全世界大費周折尋找?

 

可是,這個中國人的名字,

就如同張三李四般普通,

他的身份更是卑微至極,

他是一個文盲,

還是個一無所有的廣東豬仔,

可就是這樣一個人,

竟然能彪炳世界史冊,

讓美國人對他崇拜不已!

 

他,就是丁龍

 

1857年,丁龍生在廣東,

那時中國內憂外患,江山飄搖,

內外交困的時局,

讓許多中國人都不得不逃往海外謀生,

或是被販賣到外國充當勞工,

而他便是後者。

 

年僅18歲時,

他就被當成“豬仔”被販賣到了美國,

成為了一個將軍的家僕,

這個將軍就是美國大名鼎鼎的卡朋蒂埃。

 

卡朋蒂埃是一個皮匠的兒子,

自幼好學上進,

他的父親竭其所能供他讀書,

他也沒有辜負父親的期望,

考上了世界名校哥倫比亞大學,

還作為當年優秀畢業生代表發言。

 

以優異成績從學校畢業後,

他去了西部的加利福尼亞州闖蕩,

那時正是美國西部“淘金熱”最盛時期,

他也加入到淘金大流中,

迅速挖得了人生的第一桶金,

後來他創辦了加州銀行,成為該行總裁。

 

後來的卡朋有多厲害?

在他積累大量資產後,

他孤身一人在美國的一片處女地上,

建造了一座全新的城市,

命名為“奧克蘭”,自封為市長,

後又相繼建造了,

學校、碼頭、防波堤、船塢等。

他擁有中太平洋鐵路公司的大量股票,

同時又是加州電報公司,

和歐弗蘭電報公司的總裁,

建立了第一條連接美國東西岸的電報線路,

他還是數個鐵路公司的董事會成員,

因為他還曾在加利福尼亞州國民自衛隊服務,

他又在美國被人們尊稱為“將軍”。

 

當時美國為進一步開發西部,

在加州進行如火如荼的鐵路大幹線建設,

華人勞工是修建太平洋鐵路的主力軍,

而卡朋也因此接觸了大量華工,

從沒去過中國的卡朋蒂埃,

從華工身上間接地,

見識了中華文化的優良品質。

於是卡朋雇傭了一大批華工,

而丁龍就是卡朋所雇傭的華工中的一個,

他負責為卡朋做飯以及打理日常事務。

 

卡朋雖然成功,但視財如命,

脾氣暴躁,一生獨居,

一不開心,就對僕人又打又罵,

有一天卡朋心情不好,喝了很多酒,

對僕人破口大駡,

還當場說要解雇所有人,包括丁龍。

其他僕人早就對卡朋心生不滿,

趁著這個機會都紛紛離開了,

次日清晨,酒醒後的卡朋,

意識到自己脾氣失控所犯的錯誤,

他失去了忠僕,廚房鍋灶冷清,

他知道自己所將面臨的麻煩,

他也已經做好了挨餓的準備。

 

但此時出乎卡朋意料的是,

丁龍不僅沒有離開,還像往常一樣,

為他端上了美味的早餐,

卡朋驚訝地說:

你為何不和他們一樣離開?

丁龍淡泊地說:雖然你確實脾氣很壞,

但我認為你畢竟是個好人,

另外根據孔子的教誨,

我也不能這樣突然離開你,

中國的孔夫子曾說過:

受人之托,忠人之事,人要忠心。

 

這位將軍更驚異了,

他以為自己的僕人是文化人,

說道:

孔子是中國幾千年前的大聖人,

我不知道你還能讀中國古書,

懂你們中國的聖人之道。

沒想到丁龍回答說:

我不識字,不讀書,

是我父親講給我聽的。

卡朋又以為他的父親是個文化人,說道:

你雖不讀書,但父親卻是一名學者。

丁龍又急忙回答:

不是,我父親也不識字,不讀書,

是我祖父講給他聽的,

連我祖父也不識字,不讀書,

是我曾祖父講給他聽的。

再上面,我也不清楚,

總之我家都是不讀書的種田漢出身。

 

這位美國將軍徹底被震撼了,

他沒想到丁龍這樣沒受過教育的中國人,

竟有這樣一顆純樸正直的內心,

卓越的品格和忠誠的行為。

從此主僕二人不離不棄,相處似知己。

 

丁龍克勤克儉,忠誠伺主,終生未娶,

到了晚年,他積攢下來工作獲得的,

每一個銀毫子成了一筆令人驚羨的存款。

即將退休之時,他向卡朋請辭,

主人對這個為自己,

貢獻了大半生的僕人戀戀不捨,

為報答和感念丁龍對他的照顧,

卡朋說願了其夙願,

問他臨走前還有什麼需要幫助?

但讓卡朋意外的是,丁龍的夙願,

不是申求一筆豐碩的養老金,

也不是改善生活,改變地位,

而是:請主人出面,

把他終生一分一分積攢的血汗錢,

全部捐獻給美國的哥倫比亞大學,

請求這所大學能建立一個漢學系,

來研究他的祖國的文化,

讓美國人能瞭解中國!

 

那一年正是中國的苦難年,

就是在這一年,

清政府被迫簽下《辛丑合約》

曾諾四億中國人每人一兩白銀的巨額賠款,

中國人被西方人更是瞧不起,

排華聲潮一浪高過一浪,

而這個卑微的中國僕人,

以自己不同凡響的舉措,

成了這個灰色年份,

屬於中國人的稀有光彩,

他懷著一個崇高的願望,希望美國人,

能瞭解中華民族的古老文化和傳統,

能更多的去知道一些中國的人和事。

這個善良的中國人相信:

理解了中國文化的美國,

一定會尊重這個五千年文明偉大的國家。

而能讓美國人瞭解中國,

最直接最有效的方法,

就是在一所美國名校裡開辦中國的漢學系。

 

他用一生艱難積攢了1.2萬美元,

按當時的價值,

幾乎相當於現在的百萬美金。

不管是留美還是回國,

他都能借此過上富庶的日子,

如果主人再助一臂之力,

他甚至可以躋身富人階層和上流社會,

但他全然沒有為自己的前程去謀劃,

內心只想著:改變在美華人的命運,

讓美國人理解並去尊重我們中國人。

 

卡朋沒有再說什麼,

但內心的感悟和感動非同一般,

他對眼前這位中國僕人再次刮目相看,

內心懷著一種深深的敬意,

他決定盡其所能,

去幫助他實現這個偉大的願望。

 

然而這個美好而高貴的偉大願望,

卻面臨著具體實現的重重困難,

丁龍這筆錢對於當時的美國中產階級來說,

也是一筆鉅款,但是要建一個名校的系科,

那仍然是杯水車薪。

 

哥倫比亞大學是美國創辦最早,

和最具人文傳統的大學之一,

僅出自這所學校師生的諾貝爾獎,

就有近百個,地位極高,舉世無雙,

要在這所學校首創漢學專業絕非易事,

再加上美國當時排華風氣盛行,

一所美國名牌大學如何能滿足,

一個身份卑微的華人勞工的心願呢?

 

但他並沒有就此氣餒,

他誠摯地給哥倫比亞大學,

寫了這樣一封信:

哥倫比亞大學校長先生:

我謹此奉上一萬二千美元現金支票,

作為對貴校中國學研究基金的捐款。

落款是:丁龍,一個中國人。

 

丁龍捐款信原件

 

當時所有美國人都很疑惑,

這個中國人的所作所為,

而只有最瞭解他的卡朋,

知道他究竟是怎樣的一個人,

在卡朋心裡,丁龍是異教徒般的存在,

他說:不錯,他是一個異教徒,

正像蘇格拉底、留克利希阿斯,

艾皮克蒂塔也都是異教徒一樣,

這是一個罕有的,表裡一致、中庸有度,

慮事周全、勇敢且仁慈的人,

在天性和後天教育上,

他是孔夫子的信徒,

在行為上,他像一個清教徒,

在信仰上,他是一個佛教徒,

但在性格上,他則像一個基督徒。

丁龍幾乎被他寫成了完美的人,

一個令人折服的中國人形象躍然紙上。

 

之後卡朋也給校長寫了封信:

五十多年以來,

我是從喝威士卡和抽煙草的帳單裡,

省出一筆錢,這筆錢隨此信奉上,

我以誠悅之心情將之獻予您,

去籌建一個中國語言,文學,

宗教和法律的系,

並願您以丁龍漢學講座教授為之命名。

這個捐贈是無條件的,

唯一的條件是不必提及我的名字,

但是我還想保持今後再追加贈款的權利

……

 

可哥大的校長拿到捐贈後,

對是否應該接受中國人的善款忐忑不安,

校長寫信給卡朋,質詢丁龍的身份問題,

這徹底激起了這位正直將軍的義憤,

卡朋激動地回復道:

丁龍的身份沒有任何問題。

他不是一個神話,而是真人真事,

而且我可以這樣說,

在我有幸所遇,出身寒微,

但卻生性高貴的,

天生紳士性格的人中,

如果真有那種天性善良,

從不傷害別人的人,他就是一個。

 

在卡朋將軍的助力下,他的夙願成功了,

之後為中國人在美國名校設立漢學系的,

消息一傳出,就立刻轟動了全美,

甚至傳到了大洋彼岸的中國,

當時慈禧太后聽聞後也深為感動,

並親自捐贈了五千余冊珍貴圖書,

李鴻章和清朝駐美使臣伍廷芳等人,

亦都有所捐助。

 

之後哥大的校長又跟卡朋提議,

漢學教授講座的榮譽,

希望能用卡朋的名字命名,

或者用張學良的名字,

畢竟跟他們相比,

丁龍無論是地位還是名聲,

都相差甚遠。

但卡朋卻堅持必須用丁龍的名義,

否則他就撤資。

 

在一番艱苦的努力下,終於,

哥倫比亞大學的漢學系建成了,

而這個漢學系,就是今天聞名世界的,

哥倫比亞大學東亞系。

 

之後從哥倫比亞大學東亞系,

走出了中國這些赫赫有名的人物:

胡適、馮友蘭、徐志摩、宋子文、

馬寅初、陶行知、陳衡哲、潘光旦、

聞一多等等,他們在這裡都留下過足跡,

在這裡,有人翻譯了《紅樓夢》英文版,

在這裡,保存著張學良的日誌,

在這裡,李宗仁、張國燾,

都留下了珍貴的第一手口述實錄,

......

可以說民國文學史的璀璨輝煌,

都來自于東亞系,

如果沒有東亞系,

民國文學將會光輝黯淡一半,

而這個東亞系的前身就是“丁龍漢學講座”,

是以他的名字來命名的。

 

時至今日,以丁龍的名字命名的漢學講座,

仍然是全球研究中國文化的頂級學術殿堂。

 

哥倫比亞東亞系大樓

 

當時漢學系籌建的過程中,

哥大事無巨細都向卡朋伸手,

卡朋為辦漢學系的捐贈,

後來一直追加到50萬美金,

相當於今天的8.3億人民幣。

1903年,為建法律學院大樓,

哥大校長向他索捐40萬美元,

而他卻拒絕了,

因為能夠打動他心的,只有漢學系。

 

受丁龍感動,卡朋之後還為其他大學,

普及中國文化教育,捐助了大量的錢財,

如:華人聚居地的加州大學,

從此,這個叱吒風雲的將軍,

轉型成了慈善家和教育事業的贊助人,

在他的餘生裡,

不斷地追加給哥大漢學系的經費,

並捐獻了各種名目的獎學金,

他甚至還捐獻出自己在紐約的住房。

 

因為丁龍,

他對中國有著極其特別的情感,

當時他曾憤怒抨擊,

美國蹂躪華人的暴行,

以及國會法案通過迫害華人的不義,

他生前還曾多次來到中國廣東,

並向廣州的博濟醫學堂捐款2.5萬美元,

博濟醫學堂成立於1866年,

是中國最早設立的西醫學府,

孫中山曾在此學醫和從事革命活動。

 

因為丁龍,曾經視財如命的他,

一生捐款無數,甚至使得自己瀕臨破產,

不得不回到一座小鎮居住,

但卡朋仍然風塵僕僕,奔走呼號,

只為滿足中國僕人這個珍貴的願望,

這是一場堪稱悲壯的捐贈。

 

而成就如此大事的丁龍,

之後就雲逸杳遁了。

有人說1906年,丁龍買了一張船票,

從美國返回中國後從此就消失了。

也有人猜測丁龍還留在紐約,

因為在卡朋安度晚年的老家,

有人驚奇地找到了那個小鎮上,

有一條以丁龍命名的“丁龍路”。

總之,關於他的一切,

人們再也無從得知......

 

這位凡人雖然消失了,

但他發出的璀璨光輝,

卻仍在照耀人世。
 

之後有無數人效仿他,

為弘揚中國文化、

為中西文明交流的偉業添磚加瓦,

曾經就有一位大陸企業家,

為丁龍事蹟所感,

捐款哥倫比亞大學的東亞圖書館,

並建立了相關基金。

 

哥大東亞系圖書館

 

香港著名的宗教慈善機構,

萬里迢迢捐助《四庫全書薈要》,

數百卷珍貴的中華文化寶典,

用古聖先賢的智慧和哲思,

來啟迪今日哥大的學子,

德澤人類世界和平。

百年前的小人物丁龍埋下的種子,

在歷史的長河中長成了參天大樹。

 

一個地位卑微的僕人,

本可以借此揚名立萬、光宗耀祖,

但他卻選擇隱姓埋名,淡泊名利,

這樣的靈魂,這樣的視野,

這樣的精神,放眼整個中國歷史,

能有幾人可與之匹敵?

連國學大師錢穆先生,也讚譽:

他是一位凡人中的聖人。

 

丁龍這個名字,的確如聖人一般,

在美國哥倫比亞大學,

無人不知,無人不曉,

正如尋人啟事中所評價的:

丁龍捐出來的是錢,而更重要的是,

貢獻了他的視野和理想。

 

在世界上如此卓越貢獻的中國人,

可今日中國,

還有多少人知道他的故事?!

 

 

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中國宗教興起與宗教局長七月中旬:禁止黨員信教

Guiding Buddhism in China

Ian Johnson, International New York Times, June 27, 2017

http://iht.newspaperdirect.com/epaper/viewer.aspx

 Turning to Taoism to Save the Trees

Javier C.Hernandez, International New York Times, July 14, 2017

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/12/world/asia/mao-mountain-china-religion-environment.html?_r=0

陸宗教局長:黨員禁信教 否則組織處理

2017/07/19 聯合報 汪莉絹

https://udn.com/news/story/7331/2591502

accessed July 19, 2017

教局紐約時報 最近發表數篇講中國大陸宗教擴散蓬勃的報導。佛教與傳統文化結合(2017.6.27),道教的"天人合一"與環保結合,基督教與回教也與愛護自然結合(2017.7.14)。這些發展若無官方加持是不可能的。而2017.7.18 中國宗教局發表強硬無神論聲明 ,"黨員禁止信教, 否則組織處理"。兩者造成強烈的對比。其原因耐人尋味。宗教局長應該曉得習近平及家人與佛教的關係。難道宗教局長強勢禁止黨員信教的發言也是19大權鬥的延伸?

林中斌 2017.7.20

New York Times has published several articles on religion in China in stark contrast to what China's Religion Bureau's tough party line announcement on July 18, 2019.

-"Guiding Buddhism in China" International New York Times June 27, 2017

http://iht.newspaperdirect.com/epaper/viewer.aspx

-"Turning to Taoism to Save the Trees" International New York Times July 14, 2017

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/12/world/asia/mao-mountain-china-religion-environment.html?_r=0

-"陸宗教局長: 黨員禁信教 否則組織處理" 聯合報 2017.7.17

https://udn.com/news/story/7331/2591502

 

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Myanmar attracts attention of Beijing

Jane Perlez, The New York Times, JUNE 19, 2017

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/19/world/asia/myanmar-china-us-diplomacy-trump.html

accessed July 19, 2017

● 緬甸曾在軍政府時期依附北京,但2011年被美國拉攏,並支持親西方翁山蘇姬主政。

● 可是最近翁山蘇姬靠向北京,甚至不去華府參加東南亞各國論壇而去北京。

● 緬甸轉向北京兩大原因:一、川普不像歐巴馬,對東南亞失去興趣。二、北京以「超軍事手段」(extra-military instrument)極力爭取東南亞國家。

● 轉向北京的國家有

- 美國盟友菲律賓。總統杜特蒂強力親中。

- 美國盟友泰國向北京購買潛艇,並應北京要求遣返逃至泰國的維吾爾人士。

- 馬來西亞接受中國高速鐵路計畫

● 北京吸引緬甸之手段包括

- 在聯合國阻止美國譴責緬甸迫害境內回教徒(Rohingya)

- 說服緬甸境內參與內戰之各族裔放下武器

- 建造73 億美元之皎漂(Kyaukpyu)港及附近32億美元之工業園區。皎漂港85%費用由北京負擔,也讓北京可獲得通印度洋之港口,甚至可能成為中國未來之海軍基地。

林中斌 2017.7.19

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天降魚雨、蜘蛛雨、青蛙雨

Kirk Semple, The New York Times, JUNE 16, 2017

https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/07/16/world/americas/honduras-rain-fish-yoro.html

accessed July 20, 2017

可信度高的紐約時報居然報導科學無法解釋的自然現象。

● 2017年7月18日,紐約時報國際版頭版報導:每年晚春或初夏,暴風雨會從天空下小魚,在洪都拉斯內陸的小而窮的村鎮。從19世紀 中期便開始。

● 1856年,耶穌會神父到此地,同情村民物資困乏,食物短缺,禱告上天賜福。之後,在Yoro, Honduras, 每年都下小魚雨,帶來無肉可食村民地饗宴。此事,2007年10月新紀元周刊也曾報導。

● 此外阿根廷也有下蜘蛛雨地報導,時間是2007年4月6日。天降青蛙雨報導更多,1987.10.24在英國Strout城就有一次,是英國鏡報地報導。

● 1972年澳洲自然學家Gilbert Whitney,統計那年澳洲有50次魚噢。類似現象在印度常有報導。

林中斌 2017.7.20

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美國中央情報局特工的臨終懺悔:我們在911當天炸毀世貿中心

Baxter Dmitry, YourNewsWire.com, JUNE 13, 2017

https://www.golden-ages.org/2017/07/19/cia-agent-confesses-on-deathbed-we-blew-up-wtc7-on-911/

accessed July 19, 2017

● 這個極有爭議的陰謀論不同於其他模稜兩可的陰謀論在於:紐約雙子星、世貿中心旁的七號大樓(Building 7)沒被飛機撞卻在當日後來自己爆炸而坍塌。

This controversial conspiracy theory differs from all the other ambivalent conspiracy theories in the undisputable fact that Building 7 near the Trade Center in New York collapsed later during the day after the twin towers had already came down without being hit by airplanes or anything else.

林中斌 2017.7.20

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蔡政府不懂基層

2017/07/09 自由時報 鄭琪芳

http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/focus/paper/1117276

P贊同賴清德 一例一休趕快修

2017/07/09 自由時報 沈佩瑤

http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/business/paper/1117322

■ 支持民進黨的自由時報批評民進黨總統領導的政府「不懂基層」、「一例一休……勞工未蒙其利、先受其害」,並報導民進黨台南市長向中央喊話「一例一休應該修法」。

林中斌 2017.7.10

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公投一年後 過半英人想留歐

孫宇青, 自由時報 , 2017/7/3

http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1115712

What's gone wrong with democracy?

The Economist, March 1, 2014

http://www.economist.com/news/essays/21596796-democracy-was-most-successful-political-idea-20th-century-why-has-it-run-trouble-and-what-can-be-do

Is Democracy Dead?

Tony Blair, The New York Times, DEC 4, 2014

https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/04/opinion/tony-blair-is-democracy-dead.html

accessed July 10, 2017

■ 一年前多數英國人公投要脫歐。今天多數英國人要留歐。讓人民作決策是最好的辦法嗎?

■ 2014年12月4日英國前首相布萊爾在紐約時報上撰文「民主已死?」

■ 2014年3月1日英國經濟學人發表長文「民主的毛病在哪兒?」

■ 英國是民主先進國家,它的民主出了問題,我們跟進它實行民主又該如何?

林中斌 2017.7.10

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