林中斌 部落格 / Blog Chong-Pin Lin

Jeffrey Sachs, " China is not the source of our problems-- corporate greed is"

CNN May 27, 2019

Accessed June 3, 2019

Wise, sanguine, and clear-sighted.
這是篇美國哥倫比亞大學教授對中美貿易戰的分析：思路清晰而充滿智慧。
Excellent analysis that transcends the confine of ego, time, and space.
他超越了自我的侷限，眼前的侷限，和美國為中心的侷限。
This manifests the real greatness of America: the national ability to self-reflect.
他展示了美國真正的偉大：不斷自我反省的能力。

Chong-Pin Lin May 28, 2019
林中斌試摘要
感謝淡大戰略所林祐生翻譯
敬請賜正 2019.5.28

●China is being made a scapegoat for rising inequality in the United States. 
*中國不過是美國國內日益升高不平等的替罪羔羊

●We should understand that China is merely trying to make up for lost time after a very long period of geopolitical setbacks and related economic failures.
*我們應將此理解為中國不過是在彌補過去很長一段時間地緣政治上的挫折以及相應的經濟失敗(指的應該是19世紀40年代開始的一連串政治和經濟挫折)

●In 1839, Britain attacked China because it refused to allow British traders to continue providing Chinese people with addictive opium. Britain prevailed,
*1839年的鴉片戰爭肇因於中國拒絕英國商人繼續向中國輸入高度成癮性的鴉片，且英國取得了勝利。

●Toward the end of the 19th century, China lost a war to the newly industrializing Japan, and was subjected to yet more one-sided demands by Europe and the United States for trade. These humiliations led to another rebellion, followed by yet another defeat, at the hands of foreign powers.
*19世紀末期，中國在軍事衝突中敗給新興工業化國家日本，並遭到歐美列強們要求了更多的單邊貿易要求。這些恥辱導致了另一波國內暴動，最終遭到數個列強共同鎮壓(八國聯軍)。

●China has roughly followed the same development strategy as Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore before it. From an economic standpoint, it is not doing anything particularly unusual for a country that is playing catch up.The constant US refrain that China "steals" technologies is highly simplistic.
*中國基本上跟隨了日本、南韓、台灣以及新加坡的發展腳步。就以經濟學的角度來看，中國做為一個追趕中的國家，其實並沒有做出任何不尋常的舉動。美國不斷力圖阻止中國剽竊科技是過度簡化問題。

●Countries that are lagging behind upgrade their technologies in many ways, through study, imitation, purchases, mergers, foreign investments, extensive use of off-patent knowledge and, yes, copying. 
*科技落後的國家以多種方式追趕，包括了學習、模仿、購買、併購、引入外資、廣泛應用非專利知識，以及抄襲。

●And with any fast-changing technologies, there are always running battles over intellectual property. That's true even among US companies today -- this kind of competition is simply a part of the global economic system. Technology leaders know they shouldn't count on keeping their lead through protection, but through continued innovation.
*對任何變化快速的科技而言，知識產權的戰爭是不會停止的。即使是今日美國國內的公司之間也存在這樣的競爭關係，實際上知識產權的競爭是全球經濟體系的一部分。這些科技領先者們知道他們不應指望倚靠保護舊有的知識產權，而是投入更多創新

●The United States relentlessly adopted British technologies in the early 19th century. And when any country wants to close a technology gap, it recruits know-how from abroad. The US ballistic missile program, as it is well known, was built with the help of former Nazi rocket scientists recruited to the United States after World War II.
*19世紀工業革命正火熱時，美國人毫不留情的採用了英國人的先進技術。當任何國家試圖縮小科技差距時，往往會招聘國外專業人才。例如大家所熟知的，二戰後美國的彈道飛彈技術大力得益於一批歸順的納粹科學家。

●If China were a less populous Asian country, say like South Korea, with a little more than 50 million people, it would simply be hailed by the United States as a great development success story. 
*如果中國是個人口較少，像韓國一樣約莫5000多萬人口的國家，中國將會被美國頌讚為經濟發展成功的案例。

●Trade with China provides the United States with low-cost consumer goods and increasingly high-quality products. It also causes job losses in sectors such as manufacturing that compete directly with China. That is how trade works. To accuse China of unfairness in this is wrong -- plenty of American companies have reaped the benefits of manufacturing in China or exporting goods there. And US consumers enjoy higher living standards as a result of China's low-cost goods.
*和中國的貿易使美國人能以低廉的價格購買品質逐漸攀升的消費性商品。與此同時，也造成了大量失業，尤其是製造業這種直接與中國競爭的產業，而這正是貿易的運作方式。單單的指控中國是個錯誤，實際上許多美國公司受益於中國製造並出口到美國的商品。

●Yet under American capitalism, which has long strayed from the cooperative spirit of the New Deal era, today's winners flat-out reject sharing their winnings. As a result of this lack of sharing, American politics are fraught with conflicts over trade. Greed comprehensively dominates Washington policies.
*但是受到美國資本主義的影響，贏家們不願意面對新時代的合作精神，也就是向別人分享自己的勝利果實。這樣的結果就是美國的政治充滿著因貿易而起的衝突。貪婪正全面性的支配著華盛頓的政治。

●The real battle is not with China but with America's own giant companies, many of which are raking in fortunes while failing to pay their own workers decent wages.
*真正的戰鬥不應該是對著中國，而是美國自身內部的巨型企業們，這些巨型企業之中有許多財務狀況不佳，甚至連支付員工正常的薪水都有問題。

●Trump is lashing out against China, ostensibly believing that it will once again bow to a Western power. It is willfully trying to crush successful companies like Huawei by changing the rules of international trade abruptly and unilaterally.
*川普大力的抨擊中國，至少表面上看來他相信北京終究會向華盛頓的力量屈服。他故意以一些單邊的手段突襲，改變國際貿易的規則，試圖摧毀一些像華為這般成功的公司

●A trade war with China won't solve our economic problems. Instead we need homegrown solutions: affordable health care, better schools, modernized infrastructure, higher minimum wages and a crackdown on corporate greed.
*貿易戰並不會解決美中之間的經濟問題。自強才是解決問題的方法，包括了：合理負擔的健保、更好的教育、將基礎建設現代化、更高的最低收入限制，以及打擊企業的貪婪。